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Irish dance has developed quietly in Ireland for centuries. Irish immigrants brought their traditional dances to
America beginning in the 1840s, driven from their homeland by the Great Famine. Their dances had a profound
influence on traditional American folk dances like square dancing and their music was a powerful ingredient
in country music. Modern Irish dance, however did not begin to become popular until after World War II. The
independence of Ireland in 1921, rising income levels after the War, and the increasing interest in Irish
heritage by Irish Americans all contributed to the expanding interest in Irish dance. This interest was almost
entirely within the Irish community until River Dance introduced Irish dancing to the public at large in
the 1990s.
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Irish step dances are relatively modern, creations of the dancing masters prevalent in Ireland in the 18th
and 19th centuries. "... almost all references to Irish dances in literature, down to the beginning of
the eighteenth century, deal only with Round and Long dances, and ... there is a marked absence of any
indication of the existence of the dancing-master until about the same time." The intricate steps were invented
by the dancing masters, who elaborated on the simple steps of Round and Long dances.
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Irish dancing until the Republic obtained independence in 1921 was rather informal. The new Republican
Government as a matter of national policy sought to promote Irish culture which they felt, with some
validity, had been suppressed by the English. This included even attempts to revive the Irish language
which was then only spoken in remote rural areas. Thus all areas of traditional culture, including dance
and music benefited from Government support. Irish dance developed during the inter-war years (1919-39),
but began to become increasingly popular after World War II. The rising income levels provided more leisure
time for a widening sector of the population. The increasingly economically successful Irish in America
began to take more interest in their heritage and one expression of this was Irish dance and music.
This was a particularly important development as 30 million Americans identify themselves as Irish-American,
ten times the population of the the Republic. One Irish contributor to HBC reports that his dance teacher
began dancing in the 1940s. She says she has been dancing since she was a young girl. Her house is filled
with medals and prizes. Apparently Irish dance became very popular in the 1960s and 70s. Our Irish
contributor remembers seeing pictures of his older cousins (boys and girls) dancing. It was the "done
thing" back then to learn Irish dancing and a musical instrument. The costumes were simpler and less
frequent costume changes.
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Irish dance teachers points to many benefits of Irish dance for the children participating. They
learn increased physical skills. They develop body control and coordination. Dance is great
exercise. There is also the opportunity to increased mental skills: listening, following
directions, increasing attention span, and memorizing steps. Dancing also fosters a healthy
competitive spirit. It increases the child's desire to do well and to the best of his/her ability.
It helps build self-esteem and increase the child's confidence as he/she develops "stage
presence". Dancers build lasting friendships, not only with classmates, but through performing
and competing, meeting children from all parts of the city, state, and country. Irish dancing also
helps to promote Irish culture. A revival of Irish identity and tradition began in the 1960s. While
a young dancer may not comprehend this particular benefit while training, this revival continues!
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Parents often ask when children should begin Irish dancing lessons. Many instructors suggest beginning
at the age of 6 or 7, sometimes younger if the dancer has an older brother or sister in the school. But
there are many children who first began lessons as early as age 4 and as late as their mid-teens. Before
enrolling a very young child into Irish dance, it is a good idea to ask the teacher to spend a few moments
with your youngster and give you an honest appraisal of what to expect in the first year (before committing
to lessons). Teachers are qualified to evaluate your child and usually welcome the opportunity to do so.
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Dancers in different countries have different names for the various levels of dancing. They are, however,
basically the same despite the different names. The beginning dancer moves from Novice, to Primary, to
Intermediate to Open. To progress from one grade to another, the dancer must fulfill certain specified
requirements, such as taking first second or third place at the Feis in Novice, or first in Primary or
Intermediate. The dancer can move up the rankings, but if you go from Intermediate to Open, and find the
standard is too high, you can move back down to Intermediate after the following January 1, but not before.
It may sound quite easy to progress, but with so many dancers in each category, the dancer may have to be
patient and practice hard. It usually is much easier for the boys as there are far fewer boys competing than
there are girls.
While watching in awe at a dance school performance, a parent may wonder "How long would it take for my
child to learn to do those amazing steps?" All I can say is that the individual dancing skills exhibited
is a progression and that there is no "normal" progression. This all depends on the dancer's age, talents,
commitment, home practice, etc. But I'll try to outline where your child might be while describing the
following dance program:
Reels and Light Jigs
Immediately, you'll see your beginner dancer learn the "threes and sevens". This is the foundation of all
Irish steps. You'll watch the child develop poise and grace, always improving body alignment. As your dancer
advances (perhaps into the third or fourth year), you'll see the dancer able to execute more and more complex
steps, able to lift him/herself across the stage with the grace of a deer. By this time you'll become aware
that there are features to dancing that are exclusively Irish and not found among the ethnic dances of any
other people.
Figures
As the "threes and sevens" are being learned, almost immediately, your own child will dance with other
dancers, performing the same steps at the same time. This helps the child develop the all-important sense
of timing. By the end of the first year, these beginner figures will include hand holding and other arm
movements as well as the execution of steps. The teacher will match age and appearance with the talents of
other dancers in two-, three-, four-, six-, and eight-hand figures with your dancer's classmates. Your more
advanced dancer (second or third year) may become part of a four- or eight-hand ceili team. A ceili dance is
a figure not designed by the teacher, but done only one way "by the book" as allowed in the manual Ar Rince
Foirne. Also, the teacher may gather his/her most accomplished dancers and put together a teacher's choreography.
A choreography team is made up of nine to sixteen dancers and indeed brings the best out of the teacher's
creativity when it comes to figure movements. After long and hard work from all concerned, it is the teacher's
hope to enter this choreography in regional, national, and even world competition.
Hornpipes and Treble Jigs
As he/she develops coordination and timing (perhaps in the second or third year), your child will need a second
kind of shoe; "hard shoes" fitted with fiberglass heels and tips. You'll now watch your dancer learn to make
rhythmic sounds using the toe, heel, and ball of the foot. From there you'll see the complexity of the steps
grow and grow. Maybe in the second or third year of hard shoe (fourth or fifth year as a dancer), the teacher
will put together a Set Piece for your dancer. Choreographed by the teacher, the set is named after the tune
itself and is performed at the dancer's chosen speed.
Slipjigs
A ladies-only and unique-to-the-Irish dance, you'll find your daughter learning the graceful slipjig in her
first or second year of lessons.
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